13. Deferred taxes

The tax effects of temporary differences, tax losses carried forward, and tax credits that result in the recognition of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities include the following items:

As of April 1, 2018, the tax effects of the initial application of IFRS 15 (Revenue from Contracts with Customers) increased the deferred tax assets by EUR 4.7 million (current assets) and the deferred tax liabilities by EUR 2.7 million (current assets).

Pursuant to IAS 12.34, the tax benefit from the acquisition of BÖHLER-UDDEHOLM Aktiengesellschaft is recognized as an unused tax credit and will be reversed as a deferred tax expense over a period of 14 years in the amount of EUR 18.1 million per year (remaining term: two years). This is offset by actual tax savings.

Deferred tax assets on losses carried forward in the amount of EUR 192.9 million (March 31, 2018: EUR 154.8 million) were recognized. As of March 31, 2019, unused tax losses of approximately EUR 507.6 million (corporate income tax) (March 31, 2018: approximately EUR 303.3 million), for which no deferred tax asset has been recognized, are available. Approximately EUR 67.9 million in tax loss carryforwards (corporate income tax) will expire by 2029.

Deferred tax assets of EUR 86.9 million (previous year: EUR 84.5 million)—which are instrumental to the recognition of future taxable income in excess of the effects on earnings from the reversal of taxable temporary differences—were recognized for Group companies that incurred a tax loss in the reporting or previous business year. The recognized amount is based on the tax-related budgetary accounting for the respective company or tax group.

No deferred tax liabilities are shown for EUR 2,349.3 million (March 31, 2018: EUR 2,315.0 million) in taxable temporary differences from investments in subsidiaries, joint ventures, and associates, because the parent company can control the timing of the reversal of the temporary differences and because no reversal of the temporary differences is expected for the foreseeable future.

The change in the difference between deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities is EUR –3.6 million (March 31, 2018: EUR –5.8 million). This basically corresponds to the deferred tax expense of EUR –33.3 million (March 31, 2018: deferred tax income of EUR 10.4 million); to the change in deferred tax assets recognized in other comprehensive income in the amount of EUR 27.6 million (March 31, 2018: EUR –9.5 million); to the change in deferred taxes due to differences from foreign currency translation in the amount of EUR 2.4 million (March 31, 2018: EUR –5.3 million); and to the change in deferred taxes from initial consolidation and deconsolidation in the amount of EUR –0.3 million (March 31, 2018: EUR 0.0 million).

Additional disclosures pursuant to IAS 12.81 (ab):